PSK Quiz #1

What would be the expected effects of a Scrum Team limiting Work in Progress (WIP) during an active Sprint?
(choose the best three answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Enhanced collaboration/swarming among the Developers.
Less ‘done’ items by the end of the Sprint.
An increase in transparency would enhance self-management.
The Developers focus more on finishing work in progress rather than starting new work.

Which of the following are considered leading indicator metrics?
(choose the best two answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Monte Carlo simulations.
Service Level Expectation policy.
An item’s Work Item Age.
An item’s Cycle Time.
Current Work in Progress.

Kanban for Scrum Teams is built upon which Scrum Values?
(choose the best three answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Transparency.
Openness.
Courage.
Professionalism.
Focus.

What can occur if you were to reduce batch sizes?
(Choose all that apply)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Lower efficiency due to overhead / transaction costs in case the batch size is too small.
Higher motivation due to seeing your work get done and deliver value earlier.
Improved efficiency due to faster feedback loops.
Highlight a need to work to improve processes/infrastructure to reduce the pain of frequent costly overhead.

Which two items would you expect to see in a service level expectation (SLE)?
(choose the best two answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

A period of elapsed days.
A cost of engineering.
A forecasted date.
A probability.

What can a specific work item’s Cycle Time metric be used for?
(choose the best three answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

As a leading indicator to the length of feedback loop for that Work Item.
To influence the team’s Service Level Expectation (SLE).
As a lagging indicator to the length of feedback loop for that Work Item.
To help the team inspect and adapt their Sprint in the Daily Scrum.
To help the team inspect and adapt their process.

When using Kanban in Scrum, a team needs to use which of the following four metrics of flow?
(choose the best four answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Throughput.
Cycle Time.
Cumulative Flow Diagram (CFD).
Lead Time.
Work in Progress (WIP).
Work Item Age.

Work Item Age metrics are most helpful in supporting which of the following?
(choose the best two answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Influencing the team’s Service Level Expectation (SLE).
Helping the team estimate the size of Work Items.
Inspecting and adapting the team’s process and definition of Workflow at the Sprint Retrospective.
Being a leading indicator for the length of the feedback loop for a certain Work Item.
Inspecting and adapting the Sprint at the Daily Scrum.

Which of the following is TRUE about the relationship between Sprints and Kanban for Scrum?
(choose the best three answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

It is easier to achieve Sprint objectives when applying Kanban practices.
Sprints are examples of a policy that shows the team’s way of working.
Sprints are examples of cycles and cadence.
A Sprint is an example of limiting Work in Progress (WIP).

Kanban can help enhance visibility for:
(choose the best three answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

The Sprint Retrospective.
The Sprint Backlog.
The Definition of Done.
The Product Backlog.

Which of the following will help a Scrum Team achieve flow optimization?
(choose the best four answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Inspecting and adapting their definition of “Workflow”.
Active management of work items in progress.
Padding estimates to allow space in the Sprint Backlog.
Visualization of the workflow.
Limiting WIP.

The basic metrics of flow that Scrum Teams using Kanban will need to track are:
(choose the four best answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Throughput
Cycle Time
Lead Time
Velocity
Work Item Age
Work in Progress (WIP)

What are desired benefits of applying Kanban practices in a Scrum Team?
(choose the best four answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Scrum Teams are no longer limited by Sprint time-boxes.
Increased transparency on the Work in Progress (WIP) state of the work items.
Increased collaboration between the Developers.
Uncovering areas of improvement within the Sprint.
Removes the need for the Sprint Review resulting in a higher velocity.
Scrum Teams can release larger increments in a shorter period of time.
For a work item, the average cycle time may be reduced.

How does setting limits to Work in Progress (WIP) policies support self-management?
(choose the best two answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

A Scrum Master defines a WIP Limit to help the Scrum Team self-manage.
WIP Limits creates a boundary for which the Scrum Team self-manages within.
As part of self-management Scrum Teams figure out their own WIP Limits.
WIP Limits inhibit self-management since they limit the team’s autonomy to pull work.

According to Little’s Law, which of the following statements is true if a team reduces its Work in Progress (WIP) limit?
(choose the best two answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Average time between starting and finishing (cycle time) of Product Backlog items will likely decrease.
In a given time period, the average number of Product Backlog items (throughput) completed will likely increase.
Quality of work completed will likely increase.
Value of each backlog item completed likely will go up.

An existing Scrum Team wants to apply Kanban practices. What can the team start doing get begin achieving flow?
(choose the best four answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Ensuring the product backlog is refined frequently.
Limiting Work in Progress (WIP).
Visualizing their workflow.
Inspecting & adapting their workflow.
Actively managing WIP.

Which of the following metrics will likely be reviewed by at the Daily Scrum for a Scrum Team using Kanban?
(choose the best two answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Work Age Item.
Cycle Time.
Velocity.
Throughput.
Work in Progress (WIP).
Lead Time.

Which three statements best describe a Scrum Team’s definition of “Workflow”?
(choose the best three answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

It provides policies that create quality gateways between development handoff phases.
It helps management track a work item’s percentage of completeness.
It creates transparency over policies related to Work in Progress (WIP) Limits.
It describes how value flows through the system.
It provides a common understanding of when the Scrum Team considers work to be started and finished.
It is used as a check off list for state that each work item must go through before it is considered ‘done’.

The definition of “Workflow” typically includes:
(choose the best four answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

The finished state of the process.
The start state of the process.
A shared understanding within the Scrum Team of how work is defined (work items).
The active states for the work items.
A definition of customer value.

How does Kanban support empiricism?
(choose the best two answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

The Kanban board provides transparency that helps the Scrum Teams inspect and adapt their process.
Kanban brings more rapid transparency about the product by enhancing and expanding the practices of Scrum. This enables a more effective inspection and adaptation loop.
The Product Owner uses Kanban metrics to inspect the Throughput and adapt the Developers’ Cycle Time accordingly.
Kanban prescribes specific practices that reduces the need for empiricism.

In the middle of a Sprint, a Product Owner has requested the Developers to add a new urgent item to their Sprint Backlog. The team is currently at their WIP Limit. Which would be the two most appropriate responses?
(choose the two best answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Take on the urgent item as an exception to the WIP Limits, pushing this item along on top of the existing flow and note a WIP exception.
Adjust the WIP Limits to allow for taking on the extra item and update their definition of Workflow.
Add the urgent item to their Sprint Backlog but only start working on that new item when enough room frees up.
Reject the urgent item because the WIP Limits do not allow it. Tell the Product Owner to wait until the next Sprint.

Which of these are LEAST likely to be included in the definition of “Workflow” policies?
(choose the best three answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

WIP Limits.
A Gantt chart.
Pull/prioritization policies.
Definition of Done.
The Increment.
A Burndown chart.
Service Level Expectations.
Work Item types.
Visualization policies.

A Kanban board is comprised of which of the following policies?
(choose the best two answers)
Choose ALL answers that apply.

Class of service policy.
Your workflow visualization.
Each Product Backlog Item type has a separate swim lane.
Work in Progress (WIP) Limits.

If new urgent work emerges during the Sprint, who must change the Work in Progress (WIP) Limits in the team’s definition of “Workflow”?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

Work in Progress (WIP) Limits cannot be changed during a Sprint.
The Developers.
The Product Owner.
No one. New urgent work is not a valid reason to change Work in Progress (WIP) Limits.
The Scrum Master.

Which flow metric is most helpful in indicating when multiple Product Backlog items can be completed?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

Throughput.
Work in Progress (WIP).
Cycle Time.
Work Item Age.

Which is the best description of probabilistic forecast?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

A commitment of when a specific scope will be finished.
A forecast based on empirical data as an input on the likelihood of achieving a goal given certain time period.
A formula that calculates a team’s future performance.

Which of the following best describes Kanban?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

Additional practices that are integrated into the Scrum framework.
None of the above.
A process of defining a Scrum Team’s workflow in order to increase productivity.
A strategy for optimizing the flow of value through a process that uses a visual, Work in Progress (WIP) limited pull system.

Which formula best represents Little’s Law?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

Average Throughput = Average Cycle Time * Average Work in Progress.
Average Work in Progress = Average Cycle Time / Average Throughput.
Average Cycle Time = Average Work in Progress / Average Throughput.
Average Throughput = Average Cycle Time / Average Work in Progress.

True or False: Professional Scrum with Kanban can be used without Work in Progress (WIP) Limits.
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

True. Physical Kanban boards can be used as an alternative to WIP Limits as it will improve visualization and enhance communication.
False. WIP Limits are crucial to conducting Daily Stand Up meetings that control not having too much work.
False. Professional Scrum with Kanban cannot be used without explicit WIP Limits.
True. A strong team identity using Squads and tribes can be a valid alternative to WIP Limits.

Which of the following is true about Scrum Teams using Kanban?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

Specified Scrum events are optional.
It is most effective for product maintenance and support work.
It encourages collaboration within a team.
It encourages the Developers to use a phase based workflow.

A Scrum Team, that is new to Kanban, asks for your advise on how to start with increasing predictability. What would be the most appropriate response?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

Setup a Kanban board for them to visualize the workflow.
Ask the team to begin inspecting and adapting the Product Backlog during the Sprint Review.
Teach them about Work in Progress (WIP) Limits and have them reduce the amount of work in progress.
Have the team create a CFD, Control Chart and Aging chart to improve transparency.

Which of the following should a Scrum Team NOT do when creating the definition of “Workflow”?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

Defining starting points of the workflow.
Assigning ownership of workflow swim lanes.
Defining Work in Progress (WIP) Limits.
Defining finishing points of the workflow.

Which of these be most influential at Sprint Planning?
(Choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

Throughput metrics.
Work Item Age metrics.
Cycle Time metrics.
Points Delivered metrics.

Which is the LEAST accurate description of Cycle Time?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

The total amount of time an item is in a state/column.
The length of time from starting work on the item to when it is finished.
The quantity/number of items that are delivered within a specified period of time.
The length of time a work item takes from idea stage to feedback from users after release to production.

Which of the following is true if the Developers allocate a percentage of their capacity for unplanned work during the Sprint Planning?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

The value of the Sprint Goal decreases as less work is dedicated to the objective.
Reserving capacity for unplanned work should not be allowed as it introduces risks of failing to deliver on their commitment.
The Sprint Goal becomes more important. It can help the Developers their focus as new Product Backlog items are pulled into their Sprint Backlog.

What would be the most appropriate reason for a Scrum Team to adjust their Work in Progress (WIP) Limits?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

When the work in progress is lower than the capacity of the Developers.
When the Developers receive unplanned urgent work during the Sprint.
When the velocity of the Scrum Team velocity becomes too low.
When they want to improve their cycle time, workflow, and focus.

What best describes an eight day 85% Service Level Expectation (SLE)?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

At least 85% of all Product Backlog items finished within 8 days.
The team expects they will complete a work item within 8 days of starting on it, 85% of the time.
85% of all Product Backlog items are completed with 8 days remaining.
The team expects a work item to be 85% complete by the end of 8 days of when they start the item.

In the context of Kanban, which statement best describes flow?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

The movement of tasks between workflow stages.
A software development technique.
An undesirable effect of too much work being present in the system.
The movement of customer value throughout the product development system.

Which of the following Scrum artifacts is a form of the Work in Progress (WIP) Limit?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

The Sprint Goal.
The Burn-down chart.
There is no such component in the Scrum framework.
The Product Backlog.
Definition of “Done”.
The Sprint Backlog.

Which analytics chart will help to determine when a specific Product Backlog item, that is currently ‘in progress’, is projected to be ‘finished’?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

Throughput chart.
Gantt chart.
Work Item Aging chart.
Control chart.
Cumulative Flow Diagram (CFD) chart.

True or False: A team’s future performance can be determined by using Little’s Law.
(Choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

FALSE
TRUE

To effectively track Work in Progress (WIP), a team should clearly define what it means to have ‘started’ work and to have ‘finished’ work. This will typically be included in the Scrum Team’s definition of “Workflow” policy. How are these various points of flow defined?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

Product Backlog items that conform with the team’s Definition of Ready are considered WIP.
However the Scrum Team decides to define it. The definition must be in agreement with the Developers and the Product Owner.
Any Product Backlog item in the Sprint Backlog that is not ‘done’ is considered WIP.
Each point of flow is assigned an owner and will be defined by that owner.
However the Developers choose to define it. They have the final say on managing the Sprint Backlog.

What are the benefits of having early, frequent, and consistent feedback loops?
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

All of the above.
Increased customer satisfaction.
Identifying and addressing problems early.
Improved workflows.

Work in Progress (WIP) is:
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

The number of PBI’s that meet the team’s definition of “Ready”.
The total of all items in the Product Backlog.
Equal to the number of PBI’s in the Sprint Backlog.
The number of work items started but not finished (according to the Scrum Team’s definition of “Workflow”).

The Work in Progress (WIP) Limit can change:
(choose the best answer)
Choose only ONE best answer.

only at the Daily Scrum.
at any time.
when Product Owner chooses.
only at the Sprint Planning.
Changes should not occur once WIP Limits are created.
only at the Sprint Retrospective.

PSK Quiz #1

June 28, 2022

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